In his poem “The Fortress of Saqarim”, Nima Youshij — and likewise Ahmad Shamlu in his poems “The Message” and “The Crucified Man” — address, through a symbolic and allusive language, the relationship between the new generation and the generations that came before them in a narrative-poetic form.
The Fortress of Saqarim reflects on the mistakes of the Constitutional Revolution and the Jangal Movement. Despite appearances and the seemingly personal tone of some sections, its underlying theme is social and historical. Speaking through three narrators, Nima revisits the past and identifies two main causes for the failure of the “fathers’” struggles: the treachery of companions and reliance on foreign powers.
Ahmad Shamlu, too, in “The Message”, suggests that the narrator and his companions, who in their youth were indebted to their fathers, failed to truly continue and fulfill their path. In his poem “The Song of the One Who Departed and the One Who Remained”, the rebellious opposition between father and son turns into an inevitable reconciliation and belonging: father and son are, in essence, one and the same — two sides of a single coin, representing the human lineage that carries its bewilderment from one generation to the next.
In “The Crucified Man”, Shamlu explores the theme of father and son through the story of Jesus Christ, offering a new interpretation of the Gospel that gives the story a philosophical dimension. In this poem, the “father” symbolizes dominant systems of thought and institutions of authority, while Christ embodies the individual self — crushed under the weight of those oppressive structures.
نیما یوشیج ارزش احساسات و پنج مقاله در شعر و نمایش، انتشارات گوتنبرگ تهران، چاپ دوم، 1351.
نیما یوشیج تعریف و تبصره و یادداشتهای دیگر، امیرکبیر، تهران، چاپ دوم، 1350.
نیما یوشیج مجموعه اشعار، تدوین سیروس طاهباز، مؤسسۀ انتشارات نگاه، تهران، چاپ چهاردهم، 1395
نیما یوشیج نامهها، تدوین سیروس طاهباز، مؤسسۀ انتشارات نگاه، تهران، چاپ اول، 1393
سعدی مصلح الدین: گلستان سعدی، تصحیح غلامحسین یوسفی انتشارات خوارزمی، تهران ۱۳۶۱.
کسروی، احمد: تاریخ هیجده ساله آذربایجان، امیرکبیر، تهران، چاپ ششم ۱۳۵۵.
آبراهامیان، یروند: ایران بین دو انقلاب، ترجمه احمد گل محمدی و محمد ابراهیم فتاحی، نشر نی تهران چاپ بیست و شش ۱۳۹۷.
صفایی علی، قاسمی علیرضا : «تحلیل تطبیقی شعر مرد مصلوب احمد شاملو و المسیح بعد الصلب بدر شاکر السیاب» پژوهشهای ادبیات تطبیقی دوره سوم پاییز و زمستان 1394 شماره 2 (پیاپی 6).
توتم و تابو، زیگموند فروید، محمدعلی خونجی، انتشارات طهوری، ۱۳۴۹.
Eliot, T.S. The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism. London: Methuen, 1920
Galens David (project editor): Literary Movements for Students, vol. 1&2, Gale, US 2002.
Fiction Literature and Interdisciplinary Studies